Workshop Toolkit

schools and nonprofits

Helping adults recruit, prepare and retain girls in STEM courses, after-school programs and extra-curricular opportunities

	The Gender Chip Project provides free interactive curricula for a range of activities to support girls in their pursuit of education and careers in STEM. The curricula are designed for: 5th and 9th grade class-rooms Girl-serving nonprofits, after-school programs and homework clubs Secondary counselors and advisers Post-secondary advisers General activities

This section focuses on using The Gender Chip Project with the individuals – teachers, counselors, school administrators, parents and the staff of nonprofits and after-school programs – who have a direct and indirect impact on girls’ and young women’s choices regarding STEM. Following are some suggestions for using the film with these groups:

• Show The Gender Chip Project as part of a workshop on recruitment for teachers, counselors and/or nonprofit program staff. Share your school’s or program’s statistics for female enrollment in science, math and computer science courses, brainstorm ways to increase the numbers and get commitments from workshop participants to take on one or two recruitment activities.
• Organize a professional development session for teachers on creating gender-inclusive STEM classrooms. Open with a screening of the “Making Discoveries” section of the film. Follow with testimony from experts about teaching strategies that engage both girls and boys.
• Organize the above activity for teachers-in-training, graduate students in education or faculty and teaching assistants at universities.
• Set up a professional development session for teachers on how to use the film and the Gender Chip Project website and curricula.

• 		did you know? In 2001, more than 200,000 women received degrees in science and engineering compared with just under 200,000 men. However, a gender gap persists in the hard sciences: Only 28% of computer science degrees went to women, a drop from 37% in 1985, and women earned approximately 20% of engineering degrees.3

  Host an open house for parents to inform them about their daughters’ educational and economic opportunities in STEM. Use the film to encourage comments and discussion about how parents can support their daughters’ pursuit of STEM. Present information on course offerings, college requirements and career prospects, as well as tips for encouraging their daughters’ interests.
• Convene the nonprofit STEM programs in your area and use the film to create new opportunities for collaboration and coalition-building, share best practices and resources, etc.

discussion questions

• The Gender Chip Project identifies several reasons, including labor shortages and economic security, as to why it’s important for women and girls to be involved in STEM. Which of these arguments did you find the most compelling? What are some other reasons for involving more women in science, technology, engineering and math?
• The young women in the film speak about childhood experiences that either supported or challenged their pursuit of STEM. Which of these stories resonated with you most? What are some of the other factors that influence girls’ decisions to pursue or not to pursue STEM?

• 		did you know? Percentage of girls who took the Advanced Placement (AP) exam in 2004:1 Calculus AB: 48% Calculus BC: 40% Physics B: 35% Physics C: 25% Computer Science (A and AB): 15%

  In discussing her experience of being the only girl in her advanced math class in high school, Anna says, “I had to work twice as hard to prove myself.” She had a similar experience in college. In the face of these challenges, what are some strategies for keeping girls on STEM tracks? Why do you think Anna stuck with her major in mathematics?
• In addition to the narratives of the five students, the film includes perspectives of Ohio State faculty and national experts on girls, women and STEM. How did this “plurality” of voices contribute to your viewing of the film? To what extent were they representative of the young women you know? What perspectives were missing?
• None of the young women in The Gender Chip Project discuss economics – either as a barrier or an incentive – as it relates to their pursuit of STEM. Think about the young people you work with. How might economics factor into their decisions about the future?

	gender-inclusive classrooms A gender-inclusive classroom uses teaching strategies that take into account diverse learning styles, recognizing that learning differences often fall along gender lines. Since teaching methods and curricula have traditionally been modeled on boys’ learning styles, it’s important to introduce strategies that also engage girls’ needs and interests. Here are some ideas: Review your textbook and curricula for gender bias. If you notice that many examples are stereotypically male (rockets and other projectiles, explosions, sports, cars, etc.), try to include some examples that are either gender-neutral or that will be more likely to appeal to girls. The point here is not to reinforce gender roles – you just want to create a range of entry points for capturing students’ interests. Make sure girls get enough “hands-on” time. Research shows that young women arrive at college with less hands-on experience than their male counterparts. This difference is attributed in part to the way girls and boys play. Girls’ games are often relational (e.g., playing house) while boys are more likely to play video games and with toys that develop their spatial and hands-on skills. Encourage exploration and making mistakes. In the film, Amanda talks about how her brother always took things apart; but when she took things apart, she was made to feel like she was breaking an unwritten code. Girls are often socialized to “follow the rules,” whereas boys are more likely to take risks and learn by doing. Try to create a classroom culture where risk-taking is valued and mistakes are okay. Based on Donna Milgram’s article, “Gender Differences in Learning Style Specific to Science, Technology, Engineering and Math,” National Institute for Women in Trades, Technology & Science.

resources

• Center for Women and Technology
  Through research, scholarships and educational programming, the Center works to achieve women’s full participation in all aspects of information technology. Initiatives include the ESTEEM After-school Program, a partnership with the Shriver Center and the Chabot Space and Science Center that includes an after-school, weekend and four-week summer program for middle school students.
• Expect the Best From a Girl: That’s What You’ll Get
  Tips for parents for encouraging their daughters to enter traditionally male professions.
• Exploratorium Teacher Institute
  Offers a summer institute, new teacher program (for San Francisco Bay Area teachers only) and an array of online resources for science educators.
• The Gender Chip Project
• ITest Learning Resource Center
  Project of the Educational Development Center with resources, research and national contacts for schools and educators working to increase the numbers of students in STEM careers.
• National Girls’ Collaborative
  Focused on four regions (California, Massachusetts, Pacific Northwest, and Wisconsin), this project aims to strengthen girl-serving STEM programs through collaboration among organizations, institutions and businesses. Website includes program directories and links.
• National Institute for Women in Trades, Technology and Science
  National organization dedicated to helping women break into male-dominated fields. Web resources include strategies for recruiting and retaining women and girls in STEM courses and fields.
• National Science Partnership for Girl Scouts and Science Museums
  Collaboration between The Franklin Institute Science Museum in Philadelphia and Girl Scouts of the USA that seeks to increase opportunities for girls ages 6-12 to explore the knowledge and processes of science in a hands-on, exploratory, all-girl environment.
• Science, Gender, and After-school
  Interactive forum for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, parents and others interested in strengthening the role of after-school programs in increasing girls’ participation in STEM education and careers. Includes publications such as “What We Know About Girls, STEM, and After-school Programs” and Science, Gender, and After-school: A Research-Action Agenda.
• Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing
  Margolis, Jane and Allan Fisher, 2002: The MIT Press
  A well-written, engaging study about the gender gap in computing, with a focus on undergraduates at Carnegie Mellon University. One chapter discusses lessons from a summer institute for computer science teachers and lists strategies for recruiting girls and creating gender-inclusive classrooms.

	reaching out to parents Parents can play a pivotal role in girls’ decisions about whether or not to pursue STEM. The biggest reason parents do not encourage their daughters to explore STEM is their own lack of experience and information. One of the greatest indicators that a person will choose a STEM career is having a parent who works in STEM. Often parents are unaware of the opportunities that lie ahead and the unconscious ways they may steer their daughters away from math, science and “techie” fields. Here are some tips for helping parents support their daughters’ pursuits of STEM: Examine your conscious and unconscious biases. Do you encourage your daughter’s interest in piano but automatically say no to the expensive video editing equipment she wants for her birthday? Which room is the family computer in? Have you ever taken your daughter to the local science museum? Be aware of the subtle ways that you may encourage or discourage your daughter’s interest.2 Learn about the requirements for enrolling in advanced science and math courses at your daughter’s high school, as well as those for college. Start early. Are there courses she should take in middle school that will help her in high school? Will she need to take any Advanced Placement (AP) tests? A STEM academic track is not as hard as it seems, but it does require planning and preparation. Get informed about career opportunities in STEM and add them to the menu when discussing career options with your daughter. Ultimately, the decision is her own, but you owe it to her to make her informed of the gamut of jobs out there – and that she is capable of doing every one of them.

	“making discoveries” (0:00:00 – 0:20:28) If you have limited time, the first chapter of The Gender Chip Project, “Making Discoveries,” is an excellent choice for groups that want to introduce issues concerning women, girls and STEM or reach out to parents and teachers. It features: Young women speaking about their desires to achieve success in STEM and examples of their achievements Young women speaking about the challenges they have faced in the classroom, both in high school and college Differences in the way parents and teachers treat girls and boys The case for involving more women in STEM Good visuals of girls and young women participating in STEM “Making Connections” is a good choice if your activity has one of the following objectives: To recruit more girls to STEM and provide more support for girls and young women in STEM classes To raise public awareness and attract more resources to your nonprofit STEM program To encourage collaboration and the sharing of best practices among STEM programs To inform parents about their roles in supporting their daughters’ choices To provide support and encouragement to young women already involved in STEM

	“If girls don’t get it right away, they think, ‘Oh, I’m never going to get this.’ If boys don’t get it, they just keep hounding on it until they do.” -Heather, Civil Engineering Major   Research shows that girls and boys attribute failure in different ways. While boys are more likely to assign poor performance on a test to external factors such as unusually difficult questions or a teacher who is a hard grader, girls are more likely to attribute their performance to internal factors. For example, they are not smart enough, they weren’t as prepared as they could have been, they are not talented in this particular subject area, etc. In Unlocking the Clubhouse, a computer science teacher observes, “Girls with Cs generally never take another programming course. Yet boys with Cs often go on to the next course, and boys with Ds sometimes will try to go on to the advanced classes.” 4